Comprehensive coverage of the GCSE Citizenship curriculum with podcasts for every topic.
From community identity to global governance, explore all aspects of modern citizenship.
Core Concepts:Conflict and CooperationRights and ResponsibilitiesPower and Authority
4.10 What is the Media?
Evolution, Impact, and Public Opinion
Key Terms:mediapublic opinion
Core Concepts:Power and AuthorityChange and ContinuityParticipation and Representation
4.11 Should the Press be Free?
Press freedom and democracy
Key Terms:censorshippress freedom
Core Concepts:Rights and ResponsibilitiesPower and AuthorityJustice and Fairness
4.12 Media Bias
Informing or Influencing
Key Terms:biasededitorjournalistspin-doctor
Core Concepts:Power and AuthorityParticipation and RepresentationJustice and Fairness
4.13 Legal, Decent, Honest, Truthful
The Press
Key Terms:Editors' Code of Practicelibelslander
Core Concepts:Rights and ResponsibilitiesJustice and FairnessPower and Authority
4.14 Media Scrutiny
Investigation and Impact
Key Terms:investigative journalismscrutiny
Core Concepts:Power and AuthorityJustice and FairnessParticipation and Representation
4.15 Public Opinion, Pressure Groups, and Media
Putting on the Pressure: Making Your Voice Heard
Key Terms:None listed
Core Concepts:Power and AuthorityParticipation and RepresentationConflict and Cooperation
4.16 The European Union
Structure and Function
Key Terms:member state
Core Concepts:Power and AuthorityConflict and CooperationIdentity and Belonging
4.17 EU Trade, Laws, and Benefits
European integration and impact
Key Terms:customs duty
Core Concepts:Conflict and CooperationRights and ResponsibilitiesChange and Continuity
4.18 The Commonwealth
Purpose and Function
Key Terms:Commonwealth of Nationsmicro-credit
Core Concepts:Identity and BelongingConflict and CooperationChange and Continuity
4.19 The United Nations
Aims, Organisation, and Peacekeeping
Key Terms:None listed
Core Concepts:Conflict and CooperationPower and AuthorityRights and Responsibilities
4.20 The UN's Role
Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Action
Key Terms:None listed
Core Concepts:Conflict and CooperationJustice and FairnessRights and Responsibilities
4.21 NATO
Aims, Membership, and UK Role
Key Terms:NATO
Core Concepts:Conflict and CooperationIdentity and BelongingPower and Authority
4.22 The World Trade Organization
Fair Trade, and Free Trade
Key Terms:boycottFair Tradefree tradetariffs
Core Concepts:Justice and FairnessConflict and CooperationPower and Authority
4.23 International Justice
Law, War, and the ICC
Key Terms:Geneva Conventiongenocide
Core Concepts:Justice and FairnessPower and AuthorityRights and Responsibilities
4.24 NGOs
Helping in Times of Crisis
Key Terms:non-governmental organisations
Core Concepts:Participation and RepresentationConflict and CooperationPower and Authority
4.25 Conflict
What Can the UK Do?
Key Terms:sanction
Core Concepts:Conflict and CooperationPower and AuthorityIdentity and Belonging
Theme D: Power and influence: The Complete Picture
A general overview of all of the topics in Theme D
Key Terms:a general listturnout to NGOscurriculum coherence
Core Concepts:Power and AuthorityParticipation and RepresentationConflict and Cooperation
📝 Model Essays & Exam Technique
"Evaluate the effectiveness of the Equality Act 2010 in promoting community cohesion in the UK."
[12 marks] • Theme A: Living Together in the UK
❌ Weaker Answer
Grade: D (4/12 marks)
The Equality Act 2010 is good for community cohesion.Too vague - what specifically makes it "good"? No definition of community cohesion.It stops discrimination which is bad.Oversimplified statement. What types of discrimination? How does it "stop" it?
The act covers things like race and religion.Shows some knowledge but lacks detail about the 9 protected characteristics.This means people can't be treated badly because of these things.Imprecise language - "treated badly" isn't legal terminology.
However, some people still discriminate even with the law.Valid point but not developed - why does this happen? What are the limitations?So it doesn't always work.Conclusion lacks nuance and doesn't weigh up different factors.
In conclusion, the Equality Act 2010 is quite effective but not perfect.Weak conclusion - doesn't summarize key arguments or make a clear evaluative judgment.
✅ Stronger Answer
Grade: A (11/12 marks)
The Equality Act 2010 has been moderately effective in promoting community cohesion, though significant challenges remain.Clear thesis statement that signals a balanced evaluation.Community cohesion refers to the sense of belonging and shared values within diverse communities.Defines key term - shows understanding of concept.
The Act's greatest strength lies in its comprehensive legal framework protecting nine characteristics including race, religion, and sexual orientation.Specific knowledge - mentions exact number and gives examples.For example, the Act successfully prosecuted hate crimes against Muslim communities, with convictions rising 40% since 2010.Contemporary example with statistical evidence - shows application.This legal protection has encouraged greater participation from minority groups in community activities.Links cause and effect clearly.
However, the Act faces significant limitations in changing underlying attitudes.Counter-argument showing critical evaluation.Brexit debates revealed persistent tensions around immigration and cultural differences, suggesting legal frameworks alone cannot address deep-rooted prejudices.Contemporary political example showing real-world application.Additionally, enforcement challenges mean many cases go unreported due to victims' fear or lack of awareness.Shows understanding of implementation difficulties.
Overall, while the Equality Act 2010 provides essential legal foundations for community cohesion, its effectiveness is limited by enforcement challenges and the persistence of underlying social attitudes that require broader cultural change beyond legislation.Sophisticated conclusion weighing different factors and making clear evaluative judgment.